@article{rahimova_geographic_2024,

title = {Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in \textit{Tanacetum vulgare} mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance},

author = {Humay Rahimova and Annika Neuhaus‐Harr and Mary V. Clancy and Yuan Guo and Robert R. Junker and Lina Ojeda‐Prieto and Hampus Petrén and Matthias Senft and Sharon E. Zytynska and Wolfgang W. Weisser and Robin Heinen and Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler},

url = {https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.10320},

doi = {10.1111/oik.10320},

issn = {0030-1299, 1600-0706},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-04-01},

urldate = {2024-04-01},

journal = {Oikos},

pages = {e10320},

abstract = {Intraspecific variation of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy 

 Tanacetum vulgare 

 exhibits diverse terpenoid profiles that affect insect communities. However, it is not fully known whether patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary beyond the community scale. Here, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and their relationships with specific insect communities across Germany. We sampled tansy leaves from ten plants with and five plants without aphids in each of 26 sites along a north–south and west–east transect in Germany. Hexane‐extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded locally. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and abiotic site parameters such as soil types, temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analyzed. Plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpenes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence was influenced by monoterpenoids. Plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by aphids and ants significantly more often than expected by chance, whereas in other classes there were no significant differences. Aphid abundance was affected by soil type, and average annual temperature positively correlated with the occurrence of ants. We found significant geographic patterns in the distribution of tansy chemodiversity and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while the soil type can influence aphid abundance. We show that geographic variation in plant chemistry influences insect community assembly on tansy plants.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{neuhausharr_chemodiversity_2024,

title = {Chemodiversity affects preference for \textit{Tanacetum} vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species},

author = {Annika Neuhaus‐Harr and Lina Ojeda‐Prieto and Elisabeth Eilers and Caroline Müller and Wolfgang W. Weisser and Robin Heinen},

url = {https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.10437},

doi = {10.1111/oik.10437},

issn = {0030-1299, 1600-0706},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-01},

urldate = {2024-03-01},

journal = {Oikos},

volume = {2024},

number = {3},

pages = {e10437},

abstract = {Plants of the same species can strongly differ in their specialized metabolite profiles, which can affect insect presence and abundance in the field. However, how specialized chemistry shapes plant attractiveness to herbivorous insects is not fully understood. Here, we used common tansy 

 Tanacetum vulgare 

 , Asteraceae) – a perennial plant that is highly diverse in terpenoid composition and is known to have variable chemotypes – to test whether 1) plants with different chemotype profiles differ in attractiveness to two specialist aphid species, 

 Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria 

 and 

 Uroleucon tanaceti 

 , in pairwise choice assays; 2) the diversity of the terpenoid blend affects plant attractiveness to aphids; 3) how plant chemical traits relate to plant morphological traits and which traits best explain aphid preference. We found that 

 M. tanacetaria 

 preferred two out of five chemotypes, dominated by α‐thujone/β‐thujone and β‐trans‐chrysanthenyl acetate, while avoiding a chemotype dominated by α‐pinene/sabinene. 

 Uroleucon tanaceti 

 showed no clear preference towards chemotypes, but when given a choice between chemotypes dominated by α‐thujone/β‐thujone and by α‐pinene/sabinene, they preferred the former. Importantly, plant attractiveness to aphids was marginally negatively correlated with chemodiversity, i.e. the number of terpenoid compounds, in 

 M. tanacetaria 

 , but not in 

 U. tanaceti 

 . Interestingly, the relative concentration and number of terpenoids were generally higher in larger and bushier plants. Hence, we did not observe a tradeoff between plant growth and defence. We conclude that plant chemical composition affects plant attractiveness to aphids and hence may contribute to variation in natural aphid colonization patterns on plants of the same species.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{grabowski_cosmopolitan_2023,

title = {Cosmopolitan conservation: the multi-scalar contributions of urban green infrastructure to biodiversity protection},

author = {Zbigniew Grabowski and Andrew J. Fairbairn and Leonardo H. Teixeira and Julia Micklewright and Elizaveta Fakirova and Emannuel Adeleke and Sebastian T. Meyer and Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann and Michael Schloter and Brigitte Helmreich},

url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-023-02614-x},

doi = {10.1007/s10531-023-02614-x},

issn = {0960-3115, 1572-9710},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-01},

urldate = {2023-05-10},

journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},

abstract = {Urbanization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss globally. Expanding cities alter regional ecological processes by consuming habitat and modifying biogeochemical and energetic flows. Densifying cities often lose valuable intra-urban green spaces. Despite these negative impacts, novel urban ecosystems can harbor high biodiversity and provide vital ecosystem services for urban residents. Recognizing the benefits of urban ecosystems, cities across the globe are increasingly planning for urban green infrastructure (UGI). UGI as a planning concept can transform how cities integrate biodiversity into urbanized landscapes at multiple scales and contribute to conservation goals. Full operationalization of UGI concepts can also reduce urban energy and resource demands via substituting polluting technologies by UGI, further contributing to the global conservation agenda. Realizing the potential contributions of UGI to local, regional, and global conservation goals requires addressing four inter-dependent challenges: (1) expanding social-ecological-systems thinking to include connections between complex social, ecological, and technological systems (SETS), (2) explicitly addressing multi-level governance challenges, (3) adapting SETS approaches to understand the contextual and biocultural factors shaping relationships between UGI and other causal processes in cities that shape biodiversity, and (4) operationalizing UGI systems through robust modeling and design approaches. By transforming UGI policy and research through SETS approaches to explicitly integrate biodiversity we can support global conservation challenges while improving human wellbeing in cities and beyond.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{martin_towards_2023,

title = {Towards a standardized framework for managing lost species},

author = {T. E. Martin and G. C. Bennett and A. Fairbairn and A. O. Mooers},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acv.12865},

doi = {10.1111/acv.12865},

issn = {1469-1795},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-05-10},

journal = {Animal Conservation},

volume = {26},

number = {1},

pages = {29–30},

note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/acv.12865},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fairbairn_short-term_2022,

title = {The short-term impacts of Hurricane Maria on the forest birds of Dominica},

author = {Andrew Fairbairn and Ian Thornhill and Thomas Edward Martin and Robin Hayward and Rebecca Ive and Josh Hammond and Sacha Newman and Priya Pollard and Charlotte Anne Palmer},

url = {https://jco.birdscaribbean.org},

doi = {10.55431/jco.2022.35.70-82},

issn = {1544-4953},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

urldate = {2022-09-07},

journal = {Journal of Caribbean Ornithology},

volume = {35},

pages = {70–82},

abstract = {Abstract  Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the predicted increases in the intensity and frequency of tropical storms resulting from climate change. In this study, we assess the short-term effects of Hurricane Maria (September 2017) on forest bird communities on the Caribbean island of Dominica. We compared community composition, functional composition, biometrics, and forest structure changes pre- and two years post-hurricane. We caught a total of 408 birds of 18 species across the three years using mist nets. Post-hurricane catch rates were lower than pre-hurricane, and we observed changes in abundance between years across all functional groups, with decreases in the relative abundance of all groups except for omnivores. Hummingbirds showed the greatest reduction in both abundance and richness. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of dissimilarity indicate a significant shift in community composition for 2018, with 2019 overlapping both 2017 and 2018. The observed changes in richness, abundance, and community composition show that Dominica’s forest birds varied in response to Hurricane Maria, and that these changes are still observed two years following the storm. Severe storms like Hurricane Maria disproportionately impact some functional groups, while other species may be able to capitalize on the changes in habitat. 

Keywords  bird conservation, Caribbean, climate change, island, tropical storm 

Resumen  Los impactos a corto plazo del huracán Maria en las aves de boque de Dominica. • Los ecosistemas insulares son particularmente vulnerables a los aumentos previstos en la intensidad y frecuencia de tormentas tropicales como consecuencia del cambio climático. En este estudio, evaluamos los efectos a corto plazo del huracán María (septiembre de 2017) en las comunidades de aves de bosque de la isla caribeña de Dominica. Comparamos la composición de la comunidad, la composición funcional, la biometría y los cambios en la estructura del bosque antes y dos años después del huracán. Capturamos un total de 408 individuos de 18 especies de aves durante los tres años con redes de niebla. Las tasas de captura posteriores al huracán fueron más bajas que antes del huracán, y observamos cambios en la abundancia entre años en todos los grupos funcionales, con disminuciones en la abundancia relativa de todos los grupos, excepto los omnívoros. Los colibríes mostraron la mayor reducción, tanto en abundancia como en riqueza. El escalado multidimensional no métrico y el análisis de similitud indican un cambio significativo en la composición de la comunidad para 2018, y una superposición de 2019 con 2017 y 2018. Los cambios observados en la riqueza, abundancia y composición de la comunidad de aves de bosque de Dominica muestran una variedad de respuestas al huracán María, y que estos cambios aún se observan dos años después de la tormenta. Las tormentas severas, como María, impactan de manera desproporcionada en algunos grupos funcionales, mientras que otras especies pueden ser capaces de beneficiarse con los cambios sufridos en el hábitat. 

Palabras clave  cambio climático, Caribe, conservación de aves, isla, tormenta tropical 

Résumé  Les effets à court terme de l’ouragan Maria sur les oiseaux forestiers de la Dominique • Les écosystèmes insulaires sont particulièrement vulnérables aux augmentations prévues de l’intensité et de la fréquence des tempêtes tropicales résultant du changement climatique. Dans cette étude, les effets à court terme de l’ouragan Maria (septembre 2017) sur les communautés d’oiseaux forestiers de l’île caribéenne de la Dominique ont été analysés. La composition de la communauté, la composition fonctionnelle, la biométrie ainsi que la structure forestière avant l’ouragan et deux ans après ont été comparées. Au total, 408 oiseaux de 18 espèces ont été capturés à l’aide de filets japonais au cours de ces trois années. Les taux de capture après l’ouragan étaient inférieurs à ceux enregistrés avant l’ouragan, et des variations de l’abondance ont été observés entre les deux périodes pour tous les groupes fonctionnels, avec une baisse de leur abondance relative pour tous à l’exception des omnivores. Les colibris ont présenté la plus grande réduction en matière d’abondance et de richesse. L’échelle multidimensionnelle non métrique et l’analyse de similarité indiquent un changement important dans la composition de la communauté pour 2018, 2019 chevauchant à la fois 2017 et 2018. Les changements observés de la richesse, de l’abondance et de la composition de la communauté d’oiseaux forestiers de la Dominique démontrent qu’ils ont eu lieu en réponse à l’ouragan Maria, et qu’ils perdurent deux ans après la tempête. Les fortes tempêtes telles que Maria ont un effet disproportionné sur certains groupes fonctionnels, tandis que certaines espèces peuvent réussir à bénéficier des changements de leurs habitats. 

Mots clés 

  Caraïbes, changement climatique, comportement en cas de tempête tropicale, île, préservation des oiseaux},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{martin_lost_2022,

title = {‘Lost’ taxa and their conservation implications},

author = {T. E. Martin and G. C. Bennett and A. Fairbairn and A. O. Mooers},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12788},

doi = {10.1111/acv.12788},

issn = {1367-9430, 1469-1795},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-01},

urldate = {2022-08-04},

journal = {Animal Conservation},

pages = {acv.12788},

abstract = {While biological extinctions are predicted to rise sharply during the Anthropocene, extinction declarations are rare, partly due to inherent uncertainties in knowing when the last individual of a species has died. This has led to the growth of a group of ‘lost’ species that have not been observed in decades or even centuries, yet are not declared extinct, and as such possess an uncertain conservation status. The existence of such species may prove increasingly problematic as the extinction crisis worsens, given that their presence may create uncertainty with respect to conservation prioritization efforts and to our understanding of extinction rates. We provide the first assessment of the extent of lost taxa, defined as species that have not been reliably observed in >50 years yet are not declared extinct, for terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). We reviewed information from IUCN Red List accounts within these Classes using a hybrid code-based search/manual assessment approach, supplemented with consultation of recent literature. In total, we identify a total of 562 lost species (137 amphibians, 257 reptiles, 38 birds and 130 mammals). Of these, 13% (75 species) are listed as ‘Possibly Extinct’ by the IUCN. Lost species outnumber extinct species for all studied Classes except birds. They were mainly confined to the tropics (92.5%), with distributions being particularly concentrated in ‘mega-diverse’ countries, as expected. Indonesia (69 species), Mexico (33 species) and Brazil (29 species) possessed the most lost species overall. Our results highlight the prevalence of lost taxa among terrestrial vertebrates and identify ‘hotspots’ for these species where future survey efforts should be prioritized. We suggest minor adjustments to IUCN Red List accounts to allow lost species to be better tracked, including more consistent use of the ‘Possibly Extinct’ marker and wider application of the ‘last seen date’ field.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}